The importance of "Four Beams and Eight Pillars" matching theory / 国际中医中药杂志

This paper summarizes the current situation and problems of the research on the theory of "Taibai Seven Medicines" through literature summary and surveys. Although the "Four Beams and Eight Pillars" theory of compounding has a long history, the current research progress of "Taibai Seven Medicines" is mostly focused on plant resources. There lacks researches on the theory of compounding, or development of compounding and large varieties based on "Taibai Seven Medicines". We call for the inheritance and protection of folk experience, and hope that the "Four Beams and Eight Pillars" theory can guide the application and development of the seven Taibai medicines. Therefore, increasing the research on the theory and teaching in undergraduate courses formulary in Chinese medicine are necessary in our province.

Thoughts on Current Quality Standard of Atractylodis Rhizoma Based on Genuine Advantages of Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Atractylodis Rhizoma is a kind of commonly used clinical Chinese medicine （TCM）， which was first recorded in Shennong Bencaojing （《神农本草经》）. At that time， it was called "Zhu"， which is the general name of Atractylodis Rhizoma and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma. After Song dynasty， Atractylodis Rhizoma and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma were separated. Atractylodis Rhizoma can be divided into Atractylodes lancea and A. chinensis. In history， A. lancea as authentic， that its quality is better than A. chinensis. However， the quality of Atractylodis Rhizoma was evaluated by the index component atractylodin in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The general results showed that the content of atractylodin in A. lancea was low， even failed to meet the specified standard， and its content in A. chinensis was significantly higher than that in A. lancea. The results were inconsistent with the records of ancient books and documents， and the quality theory of "genuine medicine is the best". It could not reflect the quality advantage of genuine Atractylodis Rhizoma， and may even affect the clinical application and development momentum of genuine medicine. In short， the quality standard of TCM should not only conform to the historical experience， but also have the connotation of modern science and technology， which can stand the test of practice. Based on this， the author intends to sort out relevant laws and regulations， sort out the literature related to the authenticity， composition and efficacy of Atractylodis Rhizoma， and analyze the rationality of the current standard of Atractylodis Rhizoma by integrating the relevant records of historical classics and modern research results， so as to provide a basis for the improvement of the quality standard of Atractylodis Rhizoma.

Herbal Textual Research on Coptidis Rhizoma in Famous Classical Formulas / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Through the combing of ancient books of Chinese herbal medicine in the past dynasties， a textual research of Coptidis Rhizoma involved the name， origin， medicinal parts， producing area， quality evaluation， harvesting and processing methods in famous classical formulas was conducted in this paper. After textual research， the mainstream varieties of Coptidis Rhizoma in the Ranunculaceae family before Tang and Song dynasties were Coptis chinensis and C. chinensis var. brevisepala， after the Ming and Qing dynasties， C. deltoidea， C. teeta and C. omeiensis were gradually praised. In ancient times， the authentic producing area of Coptidis Rhizoma has the characteristics of gradually moving to the west. The eastern Coptidis Rhizoma was highly praised in the early stage， while in the later stage， western Coptidis Rhizoma like chicken feet was highly praised. In the early stage， western Coptidis Rhizoma probably originated from C. chinensis and its genus， while Coptidis Rhizoma like chicken feet was cultivated， and no wild species has been found so far. As Coptidis Rhizoma has mixed use of multiple origins in ancient books of past dynasties， based on the current shortage of market resources in C. teeta and C. deltoidea， there are also endangered and protected plants of C. chinensis var. brevisepala and C. omeiensis， combined with the mainstream medicines and resources of past generations， it is recommended to choose C. chinensis as the base of the formulas. In ancient times， there were many processing methods for Coptidis Rhizoma， such as frying and wine-， ginger-， honey-processed. In the process of developing famous classical formulas， the appropriate processing specifications of Coptidis Rhizoma should be selected based on the original source records and the requirements of the medicinal material.

Overview of Research on Variety，Processing and Quality Evaluation of Plantaginis Semen / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Plantaginis Semen is a traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） commonly used in China， which is one of the authentic medicinal materials in Jiangxi. It has great development prospects. However， the current research on Plantaginis Semen is not in-depth enough， mainly involving chemical components and pharmacological activities. There are few researches on processing and variety of Plantaginis Semen. In order to further develop and utilize the resources of Plantaginis Semen， we summarized 4 varieties that have been studied more at present， the processing contents of Plantaginis Semen in ancient and modern literature were consulted and sorted out， and its processing historical evolution were summarized. The influences of different processing technologies and methods on the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Plantaginis Semen were analyzed， the possible processing mechanism was discussed. Meanwhile， and the quality evaluation methods of Plantaginis Semen varieties included in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia were summarized. The author mainly analyzed the researches status of Plantaginis Semen and its decoction pieces in the three aspects of variety， processing and quality evaluation， and summarized its current major problems such as insufficient use and development of varieties， unclear processing mechanisms， and undetermined quality evaluation standards. And combined with the national standardization project of TCM to carry out the prospect and analysis for it， in order to solve the problems in the actual production and use of Plantaginis Semen， and provide reference for its further development， production of the high-quality decoction pieces， analysis of the processing mechanism， and establishment of the quality control system.

O Caminho se Faz ao Caminhar: Novas Perspectivas da Educação Médica no Contexto da Pandemia / The Path Is Made by Walking it: New Perspectives for Medical Education in the Pandemic Context

Resumo: Introdução: Este relato aborda os aspectos relacionados à experiência vivenciada durante a pandemia da Covid-19, na vigência da suspensão das atividades presenciais da Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), e apresenta a estratégia desenvolvida por meios digitais para mitigar os impactos no processo formativo de futuros médicos e na atenção à saúde de mulheres e adolescentes. Participaram três professoras do Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas (DCB-UERN), 31 estudantes do curso de Medicina, 12 residentes do Programa de Residência Médica em Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PRMGO) da UERN/Prefeitura Municipal de Mossoró (PMM), dois técnicos e 150 pacientes, em espaços virtuais e nos cenários de práticas do PRMGO da UERN/PMM, em ambulatórios de ginecologia e obstetrícia (GO) da FACS/UERN e no Programa de Extensão Pró-Mulher. Relato de Experiência: Realizaram-se 18 webinários multiprofissionais, além da utilização de um aplicativo para acompanhamento no pré-natal, redes sociais como ferramentas de promoção da saúde e desenvolvimento de pesquisa e um instrumento de avaliação da qualidade da informação em saúde. Discussão: Ações de apoio ao estudante e o estímulo ao desenvolvimento docente contribuem para a redução dos impactos da pandemia, nas dimensões da educação e da atenção à saúde. O envolvimento de estudantes na produção de materiais educativos e a realização de palestras e sessões demonstrativas por meios remotos podem promover a aprendizagem e o desenvolvimento de competências médicas. Entretanto, o uso das tecnologias digitais na educação médica e na atenção à saúde implica enorme responsabilidade ética, social e política perante a salvaguarda dos direitos humanos, devendo ser assegurada a utilização adequada e segura das tecnologias. Conclusão: Em cenários desafiadores no interior do Rio Grande do Norte, na Região Nordeste, é possível promover a aprendizagem significativa e contribuir para o desenvolvimento de competências médicas mediante a inclusão digital genuína, com ações integradoras e interdisciplinares, cujos benefícios poderão ser ampliados por políticas afirmativas que contemplem as características e os indicadores regionais, de modo a diminuir as assimetrias.

Abstract: Introduction: This study reports on an experience during the COVID-19 pandemic, where in view of the suspension of face-to-face activities at the Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), a strategy was developed using digital resources, aimed at mitigating the negative impacts on the training of future doctors and health care of women and adolescents. The work involved the participation of three professors from the Department of Biomedical Sciences (DCB - UERN), 31 medical students, 12 residents of the Medical Residency Program in Gynecology and Obstetrics (PRMGO) at UERN / Prefeitura Municipal de Mossoró (PMM), two technicians and 150 patients, in virtual spaces and in the practice scenarios of the PRMGO, the Gynecology and Obstetrics (GO) Outpatient Clinic at FACS/UERN, and the Pro-Women Outreach Program. Experience report: 18 multi-disciplinary webinars were held; an application for monitoring prenatal care was used, as well as social networks as tools for promoting health, research development and an instrument for assessing the quality of the health information. Discussion: Actions to support students and encourage teacher development contribute to reducing the impacts of the pandemic on aspects of education and health care. Student engagement, the development of educational products, and holding remote lectures and demonstration sessions can promote learning and the development of medical skills, but, in to guarantee the safeguarding of human rights, the use of digital technologies in medical education and health care implies great ethical, social and political responsibility, and so the appropriate and safe use of technologies must be ensured. Conclusion: In challenging scenarios in the interior of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeast Brazil, it was possible to promote meaningful learning and contribute to the development of medical skills through genuine digital inclusion, based on integrative, interdisciplinary actions, the benefits of which can be broadened by affirmative policies that address regional characteristics and indicators, and reduce asymmetries.

Development Status of Gansu Chinese Materia Medica Planting Industry and Countermeasures for the Existing Problems / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To improve the quality and safety of Radix Codonopsis, Astragalus Root, Angelica Root and other traditional Chinese medicines, aiming at the main problems existing in the main producing areas of genuine medicinal materials of Gansu Chinese materia medica. METHODS Through the investigation and analysis of the producing area, it is tried to use the land rotation system to optimize the soil ring of genuine medicinal materials of Gansu Chinese materia medica, standardize the use of agricultural inputs, and avoid the loss of soil fertility caused by disordered rotation and continuous cropping. RESULTS: AND CONCLUSION: It is of great significance to improve the quality awareness of genuine medicinal materials of Gansu Chinese materia medica, improve and standardize the scientific planting technology, optimize the industrial structure of genuine medicinal materials of Gansu Chinese materia medica, stretch the industrial chain, and strengthen the level of primary processing.

Herbal textual research of Astragali Complanati Semen / 中草药

Astragali Complanati Semen has a long-term history of use as a common Chinese traditional and herbal medicine. Through a herbal textual research on the appellation, origin, efficacy, genuine producing area and counterfeit of Astragali Complanati Semen, the evolution of its appellation underwent three stages of "white terrestris", "Shayuan terrestris", and "Astragali Complanati Semen"; The botanical origin and medicinal part is dried mature seed from Astragalus complanatus of Legume family recorded in the literatures of past dynasties; And the varieties of ancient and modern application are basically the same. Its kidney-nourishing and essence-enriching efficacy has been progressively cleared with clinical application since records began in Bencao Yanyi in the Song dynasty; The genuine producing areas of Astragali Complanati Semen were Shayuan in Shaanxi Province from the Song Dynasty, and gradually moved to Tongguan in Shaanxi Province and Shanxi Province in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. After the founding of new China, it was mainly distributed in Shaanxi Province and then spread to northern adjacent provinces, in which the Tongguan in Shaanxi Province was preferred. Its counterfeits included Mapiao semon, an unknown counterfeit with a hint of green and Astragalus sinicus seed based on herbal literatures published before 1949, and mainly included the seeds of A. sinicus, Crotalaria pallida, Asfraglus chinensis and Astragalus adsurgens after 1949. Based on a systematic herbal textual research, this article takes a radical reform of Astragali Complanati Semen, so as to provide reference for its further development and utilization.

Herbal Textual Research and Modern Analysis of Pheretima / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Pheretima has a long history of medication, its original name was earthworm, and it was first recorded in Shennong Bencaojing, which was listed as inferior product. In the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, two varieties of Pheretima were included. However, due to the variety of Pheretima, there are mixed non-pharmacopoeia collection of Pheretima family status. Based on the systematic review of ancient and modern literature, this paper conducts herbal textual research on Pheretima in terms of name, origin, distribution of origin, genuine production area, harvesting time, processing methods, etc. Based on the analysis of various ancient books and modern research documents of herbal medicine and their accompanying drawings, it is found that the Pheretima and white-necked Pheretima mentioned in ancient books are the general names of the genus Pheretima. The ancient people thought that white-necked Pheretima was a good medicinal material, which was the same as the opinion that Guangdilong was better in quality than Tudilong in modern research. In ancient and modern literature, the origin of earthworm is relatively consistent, but due to the change of environment, the output of wild Pheretima is reduced, and now the output of Pheretima is mainly artificial breeding. In ancient times, harvesting should be as far as possible in spring, summer and autumn. However, in modern times, the best harvest time is autumn. Different processing methods of earthworm in different ages and regions are different. Attention should be paid to following and inheriting the ancient processing methods, combining with modern research techniques, the quantitative standard of processing of Pheretima should be formulated, so that Pheretima medicinal materials can be applied comprehensively and effectively. This research provides the basis for the original source, resource development, correct use, genuine producing area and processing method determination of Pheretima.

Herbal Textual Research on Qizhu / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Qizhu, the dried rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala in Compositae family, is the representative wild variety of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu) with modern excellent quality. Through textual research of materia medica works and modern studies, the medication methods between Qizhu and ancient Baizhu were systematically compared. Focusing on seven key issues, this paper systematically summarized the medicinal history, characters, cultivation and other related contents of Qizhu, in order to provide a basis of Qizhu in the recovery and development of its own Daodi-status, and further serve the industrial development of this herb. The name, harvesting time, processing method and other issues had undergone a relatively complicated evolution process. At present, acknowledged points are as following：①The distribution areas of Qizhu include southern areas of the Yangtze River in Anhui province and its surrounding regions. ②Harvesting time is late October. ③Qizhu can be dried in the shade or micro-hot dried after being wrapped with absorbent paper, later it can be divided into two commercial specifications. ④In addition to cutting, there is still a lack of other processing methods. ⑤The superior characters of Qizhu contain white, less oil, fragrant smell and sweet taste and so on. ⑥The history of Qizhu as a genuine medicinal material can be traced back to the Ming dynasty.

Study on Quality-efficiency Evaluation of Scutellaria baicalensis from Different Origins Based on Content Constituent Characteristics of Flavonoids and in vitro Antiviral Activity / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To eva luate content constituent characteristics and antiviral activity of main flavonnoids in genuine and non-genuine Scutellaria baicalensis ，and to investigate quality-efficiency relationship and effective substance. METHODS ： Totally 8 batches of S. baicalensis from different origins （S1-S8）were collected to prepare its water extract lyophilized powder. UPLC method was used to determine the contents of baicalin ，wogonoside，baicalein and wogonin ，and calculate their content constituent ratio. According to the content constituent ratio of flavonoids in S. baicalensis from different origins ，the mixture of the above four components was prepared as the corresponding simulated sample of flavonoids （E1-E8）. Using ribavirin as positive control，MTT assay and CPE method were used to investigate half toxic concentration （TD50）of the water extract from 8 batches of S. baicalensis and their corresponding simulated samples to human laryngeal carcinoma cell Hep-2 and their half inhibition concentration（IC50）to respiratory syncytial virus （RSV）；treatment indexes （TI）were calculated. Pearson correlation analysis for the content of baicalin ，wogonoside，baicalein and wogonin with their anti-RSV activity （IC50）was performed by SPSS 17.0 software. RESULTS ：The contents of baicalin and wogonoside in sample S 4（from Hebei Chengde ）were the highest ，and the contents of baicalein and wogonin in sample S 6（from Inner Mongolia- 2）were the highest. The contents of above 4 components were the lowest in sample S 6，S6，S7（from Beijing ），S4. The contents of flavonoid glycosides in sample S 4 were relatively higher， while those of corresponding glycosides were relatively lower ；the content constituent ratio of baicalin ， wogonoside，baicalein and wogonin was 1∶0.224∶0.111∶0.013. The contents of flavonoid glycosides in sample S6 wererelatively lower ，while those of glycosides were relatively 126.com higher；the content constituent ratio of above 4 components was 1∶0.241∶0.713∶0.106. TC 50 of S. bai calensis water extracts from different origins to Hep- 2 cells was all higher than 50 μg/mL， IC50 to RSV was 11.11-51.74 μg/mL；TI was 1.86-5.20. TC 50 of corresponding simulated samples of flavonoids was 23.11-52.23 μg/mL，while IC 50 to RSV was 4.87-14.61 μg/mL；TI was 1.85-4.75. The anti-RSV effects of water extract of S 4 from genuine origins（Hebei Chengde ）and its corresponding simulated sample E 4 were the strongest. Correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficient between the contents of 4 flavonoids and antiviral activity was less than 0.5，and there was no significant correlation between them. CONCLUSIONS ：When the content constituent ratio of 4 main flavonoids in S. baicalensis was 1∶0.224∶ 0.111 ∶ 0.013，it has a strong inhibition effect on RSV. S. baicalensis from genuine origins has better constituent characteristics of flavonoids，which may be the important material basis for the best antiviral effect of genuine medicinal material.

Structural characteristics of pharmacodynamical components in genuine Moutan Cortex / 中国中药杂志

Guided by the theory of "component structure", we analyzed the structural characteristics of pharmacodynamical components in genuine Moutan Cortex. The compositions of organic small molecules were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) for 20 batches of genuine Moutan Cortex and 12 batches of non-genuine Moutan Cortex. By means of similarity analysis, clustering analysis(CA), principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA), the elements in structural characteristics of the pharmacodynamical components were extracted as follows: terpene glycosides components(oxidized paeoniflorin, paeoniflorin,galloyl paeoniflorin, benzoyloxy paeoniflorinand benzoyl paeoniflorin), tannin components(1,3,6-tri-O-galloside acyl glucose, pentagalloyl glucose), and phenolic acid components(methyl gallate, paeonol). The contents and quantity ratios of terpene glycoside component, tannin component and phenolic acid components in genuine Moutan Cortex were determined as 14.1, 12.5, 21.7 mg·g~(-1), 1.00∶0.89∶1.54. The contents and quantity ratios of the oxidized paeoniflorin, paeoniflorin and benzoylpaeoniflorin in the terpene glycoside components were characteristic and determined as 2.05, 7.05, 3.30 mg·g~(-1), 1.00∶3.44∶1.61. The unique structural characteristics of genuine Moutan Cortex provide scientific basis for the formulation of quality standards.

Comparative analysis and study on component characteristics of inorganic elements in genuine Moutan Cortex and their differences from other areas / 中国中药杂志

Based on the theory of "component structure", the component structure characteristics of 17 inorganic elements in 20 batches of genuine Moutan Cortex and 12 batches of non-genuine Moutan Cortex were analyzed. The analytical method of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) for inorganic elements in Moutan Cortex was established, and the fingerprint of inorganic elements was drawn. Through correlation analysis and principal component analysis, the constituent elements of inorganic elements in Moutan Cortex were excavated, namely characteristic elements As, Cr, Pb, Se, K, Cu and Cd. The amount and the quantity relative ratio between the components of genuine and non-genuine Moutan Cortex samples were analyzed. It was found that the amount of characteristic elements in the bulk genuine Moutan Cortex samples was 0.33, 1.42, 1.33, 0.11, 4 385.78, 4.87, 0.49 mg·kg~(-1), with the quantity relative ratio of 1.00∶4.30∶4.03∶0.33∶13 290.24∶14.76∶1.48. The amount of characteristic elements in sub-packaged genuine Moutan Cortex was 0.24, 1.96, 0.36, 0.05, 5 122.01, 4.81, 0.05 mg·kg~(-1), with the quantity relative ratio of 1.00∶8.17∶1.50∶0.21∶21 341.71∶20.04∶0.21. The unique structural characteristics of inorganic elements in genuine Moutan Cortex are studied to provide a basis for the quality control and safety evaluation of Moutan Cortex.

A rapid identification of authenticity and specifications of Chinese medicine Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus based on E-eye technology / 中国中药杂志

The quality of traditional Chinese medicine tablets is correlated with clinical efficacy and drug safety, and plays a great role in promoting the development of traditional Chinese medicine. However, the existing traditional artificial identification and modern instrument detection in terms of accuracy and timeliness have both advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, how to quickly and accurately identify the quality of traditional Chinese medicine tablets has become a high-profile issue. The purpose of this paper is to explore the feasibility of the application of electronic eye technology in the study of rapid identification of traditional Chinese medicine quality. A total of 80 batches of samples were collected and tested by Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus for traditional empirical identification(M_1) and modern pharmacopeia(M_2). The optical data was collected from electronic eyes, and the chemical metrology was used to establish suitable discrimination models(M_3). Four authenticity and commodity specification models, namely identification analysis(DA), minimum bidirectional support vector machine(LS-SVM), partial minimum two-multiplier analysis(PLS-DA), main component analysis identification analysis(PCA-DA), were established, respectively. The accuracies of the authenticity identification models were 82.5%, 90.0%, 96.2% and 93.8%, while the accuracies of the commodity specification identification models were 89.3%, 96.0%, 90.7% and 97.3%, respectively. The models were well judged, the authenticity identification was based on the final identification model of PLS-DA, and the commodity specification was based on the final identification model of PCA-DA. There was no significant difference between its accuracy and M_1, and the time of determination was much shorter than M_2(P<0.01). Therefore, electronic-eye technology could be used for the rapid identification of the quality of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus.

O estranho, o duplo, e a possibilidade de uma relação amorosa genuína / The uncanny, the double, and the possibility of a genuine loving relationship / El extraño, el doble y la posibilidad de una relación de amor genuina / L'étrange(r), le double, et la possibilité d'une relation amoureuse authentique

O autor vale-se inicialmente de experiências pessoais de sua vida e de análise para desenvolver o tema do estranho/duplo, tal como referido no texto "The uncanny", de Freud. Discorre sobre a dificuldade de tolerarmos o encontro com o estranho-inquietante que somos nós mesmos, com quem vamos deparando na experiência analítica, e a perplexidade trazida por ele - ou melhor, eles, pois não somos apenas um outro, mas muitos outros no grupo que nos constitui. Tal como destaca Bion em seu livro A memoir of the future, somos um grupo de estranhos, como tiranossauro, ameba, somitos, aristocratas, homem primitivo assassino e brutal, astrofísico, prostituta, diabo, sacerdote, vilão de ficção, fanáticos religiosos etc. O trabalho do analista seria única e exclusivamente apresentar e intermediar o encontro de um indivíduo com ele mesmo, ou seja, com estranhos que vão surgindo a cada sessão ou a cada momento da análise. A possibilidade de acolher e assimilar esses estranhos, desde os mais brutais e violentos aos mais amorosos e sofisticados permitiria ao indivíduo equipar-se para manejar de forma realista seus aspectos virulentos e instrumentar-se com eles, pois, na falta deles, torna-se incapaz de lidar com as situações internas e externas de modo favorável, arriscando até mesmo sua própria sobrevivência. Uma relação genuinamente amorosa de uma pessoa com ela mesma só seria possível com o reconhecimento e aceitação de tudo o que seria ela mesma, por mais que possa lhe parecer assustador. Sua condição para estabelecer vínculos igualmente genuínos e amorosos com terceiros estaria intimamente ligada a essa possibilidade de casar-se consigo própria, seja lá o que isso venha a ser.

The author begins considering his personal experiences in his private life and in analysis to develop the work concerned with the uncanny/double, as it was first mentioned by Freud in his work "The uncanny". He writes about the difficulties we have to tolerate the encounter with the perplexing uncanny-disturbing double that are ourselves as we face him in analysis. He enhances that we are not only one stranger to ourselves, but many, constituting a group or more frequently an agglomerated of characters as pointed out by Bion in his book "A Memoir of the Future" constituted by aspects that are very primordial and primitive (Amoeba, T. Rex, somites etc.) and very sophisticated ones (astronomer, great poets, psychoanalyst...) that present themselves in the course of the analysis. The analyst's task would be to present one to oneself and to intermediate this encounter with the various characters that constitute us in order to allow the assimilation of these aspects. Their recognition and acceptance would make possible the development of a real capacity to deal and manage them either intrapsychically or in everyday life in a favorable way. The absence of recognition of our violent and greedy aspects is risky because a naïf outlook is a danger to our survival. If recognized and accepted they can be turned into important tools if the person is also capable of true love and capacity to repair. Someone's real genuine and loving relationship to oneself is possible only with the acceptance of everything that constitutes him/her, even though this might be a frightening experience. This is also the main condition to have a real and loving relationship with other people.

El autor inicialmente se basa en experiencias personales de su vida y análisis para desarrollar el tema del extraño/doble, como se menciona en el texto "The uncanny" de Freud. Discute la dificultad de tolerar el encuentro con el extraño inquietante que nosotros mismos estamos encontrando en la experiencia analítica y la perplejidad que él, o más bien ellos, porque no somos solo otro sino muchos otros en el grupo que nos constituye, como señala Bion en su libro Una memoria del futuro, desde los aspectos más primordiales (como Amoeba, Tyrannosaurus Rex, somitas etc.) hasta los más sofisticados (astrofísico, grandes poetas, psicoanalistas ...). El trabajo del analista consistiría única y exclusivamente en presentar y mediar el encuentro de un individuo consigo mismo, es decir, con los extraños que emergen en cada sesión o en cada momento del análisis. La posibilidad de acoger y asimilar a estos extraños, desde los más brutales y violentos hasta los más amorosos y sofisticados, permitiría al individuo equiparse para manejar de manera realista sus aspectos virulentos e instruirse con ellos, ya que en su ausencia se vuelve incapaz de lidiar favorablemente con situaciones internas y externas, incluso arriesgando su propia supervivencia. Una relación genuinamente amorosa con uno mismo solo sería posible con el reconocimiento y la aceptación de todo lo que sería uno mismo, por más aterrador que parezca. Su condición para establecer vínculos igualmente genuinos y amorosos con los demás estaría estrechamente relacionada con esta posibilidad de casarse con ella, sea lo que sea.

L'auteur s'appuie d'abord sur des expériences tirées de sa vie et de son analyse personnelles pour développer le thème de l'étrange(r)/double, évoqué dans le texte de Freud intitulé "The uncanny". Il aborde la difficulté de tolérer la rencontre avec l'inconnu-troublant qui est le soi-même qui nous est presenté dans l'expérience analytique et la perplexité qu'il - ou plutôt eux, car nous ne sommes pas simplement un autre mais beaucoup d'autres qui forment le groupe qui nous constitue, tel que le souligne Bion dans son livre A memoir of the future - nous déclanche. Ce groupe est formé des aspects les plus primordiaux (tels que Amoeba, Tyrannosaurus Rex, somites etc.) jusqu'aux plus sophistiqués (astrophysicien, grands poètes, psychanalyste etc.). Le travail de l'analyste serait uniquement et exclusivement de présenter et de servir d'intermédiaire pour la rencontre d'un individu avec lui-même, c'est-à-dire, avec les inconnus qui émergent à chaque session ou à chaque moment de l'analyse. La capacité de recevoir chez soi et d'assimiler ces étrange(r)s, des plus brutaux et violents aux plus aimants et sophistiqués, permettrait à l'individu de s'équiper pour gérer de manière réaliste ses aspects virulents et de s'instrumenter avec eux, car en leur rejetant et en les ignorant, il devient incapable de gérer les situations internes et externes de manière favorable, voire risquer sa propre survie. Une relation véritablement amoureuse avec soi-même ne serait possible qu'avec la reconnaissance et l'acceptation de tout ce qui serait le soi-même, aussi effrayant que cela puisse paraître. Sa condition pour établir des liens authentiques et amoureux avec les autres serait étroitement liée à cette possibilité de se marier avec soi-même, n'important ce que cela puisse se révéler.

Discussion on concept of genuine medicinal materials and its use standard / 中草药

The origin place and quality of the traditional medicinal materials have been revolutionized in the last hundred years. The cultivated one, loom larger and larger, have become popular, with a result of declined quality, varied origin place, lack of criterion to measure quality, and confused definition usage, etc. The famous-region drug, with a high quality, should be defined not only as the origin place, but also as specific germplasm, ecological condition, and modes of production. On the basis of defining the concept of genuine medicinal materials, optimizing germplasm resources and origin place and strengthening the research of quality formation would be a main route to improve the quality of cultivated medicinal materials and promote the healthy development of traditional Chinese medicine industry.

Herbal Textual Analysis of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma has a long history of medication,and was recorded in Shennong Bencaojing. Through the study of herbal medicine of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma,we reviewed and analyzed previous herbal records,studied its basic,origin and processing methods, and provided the basis for further development and utilization of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma. Through the analysis of ancient herbal researches and drawings,we knew that the ancient resources of this medicine were basically consistent with Gentiana scabra and G. manshurica. The Latin name of the original plant of gentian medicinal herbs set forth in the modern literature was analyzed for the first time. The commodities of this medicine were divided into Guanlongdan and Dianlongdan. Guanlongdan was produced in Northeast China, and consisted of G. scabra,G. manshurica,and G. triflora. Dianlongdan was G. rigescens and grew in Yunnan province. Due to various reasons, such as historical changes, genuine producing areas of medicinal materials gradually changed from Jiangsu and Zhejiang to Northeast China. The processing methods of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma included preparing with wine, preparing with licorice juice and preparing with ginger juice. The purpose of these processing methods is to suppress its nature of bitter and cold. Among those processing methods,preparing with wine has the longest history, and can promote the dissolution of the active ingredients of gentian,thus is a better method of processing. This study provides the basis for radical reform, resource development, correct use, and determination of genuine producing area and processing methods for Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma.

Problems and Countermeasures of Innovative Development of Southern Medicine Industry in Zhaoqing City / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Zhaoqing city is located in the midwest of Guangdong province,the middle and lower reaches of the mainstream of the Xijiang river.Many species of southern medicines grow very well in the Xijiang river basin of Zhaoqing because of existing of enormous mountainous and hilly areas,loose and fertile soil,warm climate,as well as abundant sunshine and rain.Zhaoqing has a long history of cultivating some species of southern medicines.For example,Cinnamomi Cortex was planted more than 300 years ago in Zhaoqing.Under the advocacy of national policy,the planting scale of some species of southern medicines expanded rapidly since 1980s.Up to now,plantation of the 4 species of southern medicines,namely,Morindae Officinalis Radix,Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus,Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Cinnamomi Cortex,has developed into a important representative industry in Zhaoqing.Zhaoqing also develops into the genuine producing area of this 4 species of southern medicines currently,and these products are sold well at home and abroad.Although great progress has been made in southern medicine industry in Zhaoqing,there still exist lots of problems for its future development,such as scattering planting instead of overall program,impure germplasm resources,plant diseases and insect pests,pesticide residue and pollution of heavy metal,lack of quality control in trading process,as well as absence of deep-processing and additional value of products.This paper analyzes the development status,advantages and problems of southern medicine industry in Zhaoqing,and puts forward some corresponding measures and suggestions.These proposals may have important guiding significance for promoting the development of local southern medicine industry.

Poor-quality medicines: a global threat to health / Lao Medical Journal

@#Poor quality medicines have been described as a global pandemic that threatens the lives of millions of people. The problem is much more severe in poor-resource countries where pharmaceutical legislation and regulation are limited. Poor quality medicines are divided into three categories: substandard, degraded and falsified and the countermeasures vary according to each category. The use of poor quality medicine leads from minimal to severe complications (including death) for the individuals but also harms the community. Furthermore, they lead to a loss of confidence of the patients in essential medicines, in manufacturers and in health system and they increase the work burden for health workers, customs and police. To detect them, different techniques have been developed, each with advantages and limits. This article describes these aspects of poor quality medicines and also presents the factors that contribute to the existence and spread of poor quality medicines. A section of the article is devoted to the issue of poor quality medicine in Laos.

Research on regional distribution and industrial status analysis of genuine medicinal resources of flowers in Henan province / 中国中药杂志

Flower medicinal materials usually refer to Chinese medicinal materials with a complete flower,inflorescence,or part of a flower as the different medicinal parts,they have an important share in the Chinese herbal medicine market and appeared frequently in Chinese medicine prescriptions. Firstly,the species and regional distribution of the flower medicinal materials resources in China were briefly summarized. Secondly,the characteristics,yield,producing area and origin distribution of the main flower medicinal materials in Henan province were discussed. Finally,the present situation and the main problems of the flower medicinal materials industry in Henan province were comprehensively analyzed,and the corresponding industrial development countermeasures were put forward.This research was intended to provide decision-making demonstration and scientific basis for the rational exploitation and utilization of resources,breeding of new varieties,planting division,production layout and the healthy and sustainable development of the flower medicinal materials industry in Henan province.

Study on GC-MS Fingerprint of Volatile Oil from Citrus aurantium / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To establish GC-MS fingerprint of volatile oil from Citrus aurantium. METHODS: GC-MS method was adopted. The determination was performed on RTX-5MS capillary column with injector temperature of 250 ℃, high pure helium as carrier gas(≥99. 999％), flow rate of 1. 0 mL/min, split ratio of 10:1,and sample size of 1 μL (temperature programming). Mass spectrum condition included electron bombardment ion source, ion source temperature of 230 ℃, detector temperature of 250 ℃, 3 min solvent delay, scanning range of m/z 35-550. GC-MS chromatograms of 21 batches of volatile oil samples were determined using Laurene as reference. The similarity of them was evaluated by using TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System (2004 A edition), and common peak was determined. The components of common peak were determined by LC Solution 2 mass database (NIST05. LIB and NIST05s. LIB). Relative content of common peak was determined with area normalization. RESULTS; There were 20 common peaks in GC-MS chromatograms of 21 batches of volatile oil samples, and the similarity was higher than 0. 90. After validation, GC-MS chromatograms of 21 batches of volatile oil samples were in good agreement with control fingerprint. The main constituents of the volatile oil of C. aurantium were Limonene, Terpinene, Laurene and D-Cadinene. CONCLUSIONS: Established fingerprint can provide reference for identification and quality evaluation of volatile oil of C. aurantium.